1. Excessive Exhaust Smoke
Possible Causes:
Black smoke: too much fuel or poor air supply
Blue smoke: oil burning in the combustion chamber
White smoke: unburned fuel due to cold start or injector problems
Solutions:
For black smoke: check the air filter and injection system; clean or adjust as necessary
For blue smoke: inspect for worn piston rings or valve seals and repair accordingly
For white smoke: ensure proper preheating during cold starts and check injectors for leakage
2. Loss of Power
Possible Causes:
Clogged air or fuel filters
Turbocharger malfunction
Incorrect fuel injection timing
Worn engine components
Solutions:
Replace air and fuel filters regularly
Inspect and service the turbocharger
Verify and adjust the injection timing
Perform a compression test and repair or overhaul the engine if needed
3. Unusual Engine Noise
Possible Causes:
Loose or worn engine components
Low oil pressure or insufficient lubrication
Injector knocking or valve train noise
Solutions:
Check for loose bolts, brackets, or mounts
Measure oil pressure and ensure correct oil grade and level
Inspect injectors and valve clearances; repair or adjust as required
4. Oil Consumption or Leakage
Possible Causes:
Worn piston rings or valve guides
Damaged gaskets or seals
Excessive crankcase pressure
Solutions:
Replace worn components during scheduled maintenance
Inspect and replace damaged gaskets or seals
Check the crankcase ventilation system and repair if needed
