1. Control Method
Mechanical High-Pressure Pump
The injection quantity and timing are controlled mechanically through components such as the camshaft, plunger, and mechanical governor.
The injection pattern is fixed and mainly adjusted based on engine speed and load by mechanical feedback.
Electronic Control High-Pressure Pump
Controlled by an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), which calculates and adjusts the injection quantity and timing in real time according to engine conditions (speed, load, temperature, etc.).
The fuel supply is precisely managed by solenoid valves or proportional valves, achieving more accurate and efficient control.
2. Structure
Mechanical Pump:
Simple structure, mainly composed of a plunger pump body, camshaft, and mechanical governor.
Electronic Control Pump:
Includes additional electronic components such as sensors, actuators, and control valves, which work together with the ECU.
3. Injection Accuracy and Performance
Mechanical Pump:
Lower precision in fuel quantity and timing control.
Difficult to maintain optimal combustion at varying speeds.
Higher fuel consumption and emissions.
Electronic Control Pump:
High injection accuracy, capable of multiple injections (pilot, main, and post-injection).
Better combustion efficiency, smoother power output, lower fuel consumption, and cleaner emissions.
Meets higher emission standards such as Euro III, Euro IV, and above.
4. Maintenance and Cost
Mechanical Pump:
Easy to maintain and less expensive.
Less sensitive to fuel quality, but requires manual adjustment and experience for calibration.
Electronic Control Pump:
More complex system and requires clean, high-quality fuel.
Higher repair and replacement cost, needs professional diagnostic equipment for calibration.
5. Applications
Mechanical Pump:
Commonly used in older machinery, agricultural equipment, and generator sets where emission requirements are low.
Electronic Control Pump:
Widely used in modern vehicles, advanced construction machinery, and diesel engines that must meet strict emission and efficiency standards.
