1. Fuel Selection and Management
Use winter-grade diesel fuel with an appropriate cold filter plugging point (CFPP) to prevent waxing and fuel line blockage. Ensure that the fuel storage tanks are clean and free from water contamination, as moisture can freeze and obstruct the fuel supply system. Regularly drain the water separator to maintain stable fuel flow during low-temperature conditions.
2. Battery Condition and Cold Starting
Cold temperatures significantly reduce battery capacity and cranking performance. Inspect the battery’s state of charge, terminal cleanliness, and cable integrity before operation. If necessary, use a battery warmer or maintain the battery indoors to ensure sufficient starting power. Follow the manufacturer’s recommended pre-heating procedures, including glow plug or intake heater operation.
3. Lubrication System Considerations
Select engine oil with a viscosity grade suitable for winter operation to ensure adequate lubrication during cold starts. Low-temperature oil flow characteristics are essential to minimize wear on bearings, pistons, and other moving components. Before operation, verify oil level and ensure that the lubricant has not thickened excessively in cold weather.
4. Coolant and Antifreeze Management
Use the correct concentration of antifreeze to prevent coolant freezing and to maintain optimal heat transfer. Check the coolant level, inspect hoses for brittleness, and confirm that the thermostat functions correctly. A properly maintained cooling system ensures stable operating temperatures, even in severe winter environments.
5. Pre-Heating and Warm-Up Procedures
Allow the engine to complete its pre-heating cycle before cranking. After starting, operate the engine at idle or low load to raise the temperature gradually. Avoid sudden acceleration or heavy loads during the warm-up period, as cold components require time to expand and reach normal operating clearances.
6. Air Intake System Maintenance
Maintain a clean air filter and ensure the intake system is free of snow, ice, or obstructions. In extremely cold or humid conditions, monitor for potential frost formation in the intake path. Proper air intake ensures efficient combustion and stable engine operation.
7. Exhaust System Safety
Ensure that the exhaust outlet is not blocked by snow or ice before starting the engine. Obstructed exhaust flow may cause dangerous backpressure and affect combustion performance. Proper ventilation is especially important for stationary or enclosed installations.
8. Regular Inspection and Preventive Maintenance
Perform frequent checks on belts, hoses, gaskets, and seals, as low temperatures can accelerate material brittleness. Keep the engine clean to easily identify leaks or abnormalities. Adhering to a strict maintenance schedule helps prevent unexpected failures during winter operation.
